What are the corners called that run up from the South and intersect the Standard Parallel?

The correct term for the corners that run up from the South and intersect the Standard Parallel is "Correction Corners."

Correction Corners are specifically used in the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) to address the curvature of the Earth and ensure that land parcels are accurately measured over large distances. As surveyors move north from a baseline, the corners that they establish at intervals will intersect with the Standard Parallels, which are established to create a grid system on the earth's surface. This is crucial for maintaining the integrity of land descriptions and ensuring that each surveyed parcel adheres to the intended measurements.

In comparison, Standard Corners would refer to points that are used for establishing the basic grid, but they do not specifically describe those that adjust for the earth's curvature. Closing Corners generally refer to the terminal points in a closed tract of land and are not specifically tied to the established standard parallels. Reference Corners might suggest points of reference for surveys but do not denote the specific adjustment needed for land surveying in relation to the Standard Parallel.