What is the priority of calls in boundary retracement (Order of Evidence)?

The priority of calls in boundary retracement, also known as the order of evidence, is vital in land surveying as it helps determine which type of evidence should be relied upon when resolving ambiguities in boundary locations.

The correct ranking starts with natural monuments. These physical features, such as rivers, trees, or rocks, usually provide the most reliable and enduring reference points for boundaries. They are followed by artificial monuments, which are man-made markers like fences or survey stakes. These can help define property lines but might not be as durable or clear as natural features.

After examining monuments, the next priority is course and distance. This refers to the direction and length of boundary lines as defined in the original survey. While these measurements are important, they are secondary to direct physical evidence from monuments.

Adjoiners, or neighboring property owners, provide context and historical evidence as they may have a vested interest in the boundary's location. This evidence is typically less formal but can be influential. Lastly, the area encompassed by the property comes into consideration, as it can provide additional context, but is the least reliable in terms of pinpointing boundaries.

By understanding this order, surveyors can navigate boundary disputes and retracements more effectively, ensuring that the most reliable